All phenethylamines are pro-oxidants by nature, and can thus
redox cycle. This means that the bigger the dose of stimulant,
the greater the free radical generation (note: even at low doses
there will be some free radical production). Nutrients found in
partypacks are the powerful antioxidants betacarotene (vitamin
A), Vitamin C, Bioflavonoids, Vitamin E, and Selenium. Other
important nutrients found in partypacks are zinc, Coenzyme Q10,
L-carnitine, and N-Acetylcysteine. Studies in both animals and
(to a lesser extent) humans document the protective effects of
antioxidants against the radical mediated unwanted side-effects
of phenethylamines2,4,5.

The combination of vitamins, minerals, and non-vitamin nutrients
found in partypacks are invaluable in the prevention/treatment
of the adverse effects of partying. Thew doses found in
partypacks are B. Leibowitz's (founder of the Journal of Optimal
Nutrition) best estimate based on present knowledge in
nutrition.

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